City profile- Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar is the capital Orissa, located along the Chennai – Kolkata National Highway (NH-5), it forms the apex of the “Golden Triangle” with Konark and Puri. The city functions as administrative capital with sustained growth in tertiary economic activities3. Major economic activities of the city are trade and commerce, tourism-related activities and industrial activities.
Bhubaneswar islocated at 85o44‘ to 85o 55‘E & 20o 12‘to 20o25‘N in eastern part of the India, at an elevation of 45 metres above mean sea level. The climate of Bhubaneswar is tropical; temperature varies from 12oc to 43oc. Annual rain fallis 1542 mm and highest monthly rainfall is 330mm.
Location and regional setting
Bhubaneswar a capital of Orissa, is one of the key urban centers of India. The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC) covers an area of 135 square kilometer (2012) witha population of 8, 38,837 (as per provisional Census, 2011).The holy town ofPuri is only accessible from Bhubaneswar. The riverine system of Mahanadi andits tributaries has restricted growth of eastern part of Bhubaneswar. The largeforest of Chandaka has restricted growth of Bhubaneswar towards west. Being the focal point of religious-tourism,the city handles large volume of inter-city and inter-regional traffic.
Primary activities like agriculture and livestock breeding are limited to the rural pockets of Bhubaneswar development authority area. Secondary activities like manufacturing industries are also lacking due to lack of adequate incentives. Tertiary Sector activities are the major economic activities within the region- primarily trade and commerce aswell as service sector activities. IT and ITES are the new upcoming economic activities which may give a boost to the economic development of BDPA.
Demographic profile
The population in the BMC limits increased to 0.838 million in 2011 from 0.64 million in 2001 (BMC,2012) with compound growth rate of 2.61%.The population density for BMC area is62 persons per hectare. However, if we consider only the developed area, the density figure shoots upto 89 persons / hectare.
Table 16.2-1:Demographic Profile
| Jurisdiction Boundaries | BMC, BDA |
| BMC Area | 135 Sq.km. |
| Population (BMC – 2011) | 8,38,837** |
| Decadal growth rate | 29.4% |
| Population density (BMC-2011) | 62 pph |
| BDA Area | 419.10 Sq.km. Bhubaneswar Planning Development Area (BDPA) is divided in four administrative units, BMC, Khurdha, Jatni and BDA rural. |
| AUDA Area | 15,72,000* |
| Population Density (BDA) | 37.5 pph |
| *Comprehensive Development Plan Projections/ ** Provisional Census, 2011 |
Economy
As mentioned above the city thrives on tertiary activities, However the city is also experiencing some transformation in the recent years with major investments in food and allied sectors, Engineering and Metal based manufacturing activities along with Chemical and allied processing activities. The region holds 42% of the total investment in Electrical and Electronic goods manufacturing followed by pape rand paper based products. Small scale industries are concentrated in Bhubaneswar city. There is an industrial park in Bhubaneswar, renamed as “Infocity”, and has open the doors for establishment of IT sector. Another ITSEZ is also proposed within Bhubaneswar development region.
Since Bhubaneswar is a state capital, and most of the state level administrative functions are located in Bhubaneswar. Concentration of state or district level administrative functions provides ample opportunity for public service employment as well as pull of semi-public / private offices and institutions to locate in proximity to the state capital functions thus inducing more institutional functions.
In recent times, Bhubaneswar has experienced rapid growth in retail trade and commerce with most of its growth in organised retail segment. The spur in retail functions in Bhubaneswar has been primarily due to rapid growth in local city level demand and change in consumption and preference of its population. In recent years Bhubaneswar has emerged as regional hub of health and educational services catering to the demand of Orissa and also to the neighboring states.
Engineering colleges, medical colleges, hotel management institutions, research institutes, technical training institutes and other higher order educational facilities has transformed the city into an educational hub. Several such initiatives are also in pipeline which will strengthen the image further. Growth of real estate activities has also led to boom in building construction and building material manufacturing activities. Real estate development has been rapid along the Nandankanan road,NH-5, Cuttack-Puri Road ( Rasulgarh to Ravi Talkies andbeyond).
This region is not only endowed but also surrounded with rich historical and cultural heritage. Huge influx of domestic and international tourists can be observed all-round the year which has led to rapid proliferation of tourism enabled service sector. Bhubaneswar acts as a hub for the tourist destinations(spokes) located within the adjoining catchment area within 100 km radius.